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عمومی::
بی کفایتی حلقی/انسداد حلقی
include, but are not limited to: (1) axial rotation of the anterior larynx, creating an oblique glottis, (2) decreased longitu- dinal tension and length of the ipsilat- eral vocal fold with glottic insufficiency secondary to mild bowing, (3) sluggish ab- or adduction (hypomobility) of the ipsilateral fold during repetitive phona- tory tasks, (4) asymmetrical, irregular, or aperiodic vocal fold vibration, and
Acoustic analysis, aerodynamic assessment, and auditory-perceptual evaluation revealed modest increases in phonatory instability, increased laryn- geal airway resistance with no objective evidence of glottic insufficiency, and mild deterioration in voice quality most evident during high-pitched voice pro- ductions, respectively.
no evidence of glottic insufficiency on the aerodynamic measures.
The aero- dynamic results were not indicative of frank glottic insufficiency as reported by others, but confirm the laryngoscopic findings described earlier from the same simulation study, which showed no laryngoscopic evidence of glottic insuf- ficiency (ie, bowing or incomplete glot- tic closure) during acute UCTP.
Despite the lack of objective evidence to support glottic insufficiency, the participants viewed their speaking voices as notice- ably weaker with increased physical effort expended to produce voice.
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